TPS60150 5-V, 140-mA Charge-Pump
1 Features
- 2.7-V to 5.5-V Input Voltage Range
- Fixed Output Voltage of 5 V
- Maximum Output Current: 140 mA
- 1.5-MHz Switching Frequency
- Typical 90-μA Quiescent Current at No Load Condition (Skip Mode)
- X2 Charge Pump
- Hardware Enable and Disable Function
- Built-in Soft Start
- Built-in Undervoltage Lockout Protection
- Thermal and Overcurrent Protection
- Available in a 2-mm × 2-mm 6-Pin SON Package with 0.8-mm Height
2 Applications
- USB On-the-Go (OTG)
- HDMI
- Portable Communication Devices
- PCMCIA Cards
- Mobile Phones, Smart Phones
- Handheld Meters
3 Description
The TPS60150 device is a switched capacitor voltage converter that produces a regulated, low noise, and low-ripple output voltage of 5 V from an unregulated input voltage.
The 5-V output can supply a minimum of 140-mA current.
The TPS60150 device operates in skip mode when the load current falls less than 8 mA under typical condition. In skip mode operation, quiescent current is reduced to 90 μA.
Only 3 external capacitors are needed to generate the output voltage, therefore saving PCB space.
Inrush current is limited by the soft-start function during power on and power transient states.
The TPS60150 device operates over a free-air temperature range of –40°C to 85°C. The device is available with a small 2-mm × 2-mm 6-pin SON package (QFN).
Device Information(1)
| PART NUMBER | PACKAGE | BODY SIZE (NOM) |
|---|---|---|
| TPS60150 | WSON (6) | 2.00 mm × 2.00 mm |
- For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the data sheet.
space
space
Typical Application Schematic
Efficiency vs Input Voltage
4 Revision History
Changes from B Revision (February 2011) to C Revision
- Added Pin Configuration and Functions section, ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section Go
Changes from A Revision (April 2009) to B Revision
- Added the Thermal Table and deleted the Dissipation Rating TableGo
5 Pin Configuration and Functions
Pin Functions
| PIN | I/O | DESCRIPTION | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NAME | NO. | ||
| CP+ | 4 | — | Connect to the flying capacitor |
| CP– | 5 | — | Connect to the flying capacitor |
| ENA | 6 | IN | Hardware enable/disable pin (High = Enable) |
| GND | 1 | — | Ground |
| VIN | 2 | IN | Supply voltage input |
| VOUT | 3 | OUT | Output, connect to the output capacitor |
6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)| MIN | MAX | UNIT | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIN | Input voltage (all pins) | –0.3 | 7 | V |
| TA | Operating temperature | –40 | 85 | °C |
| TJ | Maximum operating junction temperature | 150 | °C | |
| Tstg | Storage temperature | –55 | 150 | °C |
6.2 ESD Ratings
| VALUE | UNIT | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V(ESD) | Electrostatic discharge | Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001(1)(2) | ±2000 | V |
| Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101(3) | ±500 | |||
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
6.4 Thermal Information
| THERMAL METRIC(1) | TPS60150 | UNIT | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DRV (WSON) | |||
| 6 PINS | |||
| RθJA | Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance | 69.1 | °C/W |
| RθJC(top) | Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance | 79.8 | °C/W |
| RθJB | Junction-to-board thermal resistance | 38.6 | °C/W |
| ψJT | Junction-to-top characterization parameter | 1.2 | °C/W |
| ψJB | Junction-to-board characterization parameter | 38.4 | °C/W |
| RθJC(bot) | Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance | 9.2 | °C/W |
6.5 Electrical Characteristics
VIN = 3.6 V, TA = –40°C to 85°C, typical values are at TA = 25°C, C1 = C3 = 2.2 μF, C2 = 1 μF (unless otherwise noted)| PARAMETER | TEST CONDITIONS | MIN | TYP | MAX | UNIT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POWER STAGE | ||||||
| VIN | Input voltage range | 2.7 | 5.5 | V | ||
| VUVLO | Undervoltage lockout threshold | 1.9 | 2.1 | V | ||
| IQ | Operating quiescent current | IOUT = 140 mA, Enable = VIN | 4.7 | mA | ||
| IQskip | Skip mode operating quiescent current | IOUT = 0 mA, Enable=VIN (no switching) | 80 | μA | ||
| IOUT = 0 mA, Enable = VIN(minimum switching) | 90 | μA | ||||
| ISD | Shut down current | 2.7 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V, Enable = 0 V | 1 | μA | ||
| VOUT | Output voltage(1) | IOUT ≤ 50 mA, 2.7 V ≤ VIN < 5.5 V | 4.8 | 5 | 5.2 | V |
| VOUT(skip) | Skip mode output voltage | IOUT = 0 mA, 2.7 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V | VOUT + 0.1 | V | ||
| FSW | Switching frequency | 1.5 | MHz | |||
| SSTIME | Soft-start time | From the rising edge of enable to 90% output | 150 | μs | ||
| OUTPUT CURRENT | ||||||
| IOUT_nom | Maximum output current | VOUT remains from 4.8 V to 5.2 V, 3.1 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V |
120 | mA | ||
| 3.3 V < VIN < 5.5 V | 140 | |||||
| IOUT_short | Short circuit current(2) | VOUT = 0 V | 80 | mA | ||
| RIPPLE VOLTAGE | ||||||
| VR | Output ripple voltage | IOUT = 140 mA | 30 | mV | ||
| ENABLE CONTROL | ||||||
| VHI | Logic high input voltage | 2.7 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V | 1.3 | VIN | V | |
| VLI | Logic low input voltage | –0.2 | 0.4 | V | ||
| IHI | Logic high input current | 1 | μA | |||
| ILI | Logic low input current | 1 | μA | |||
| THERMAL SHUTDOWN | ||||||
| TSD | Shutdown temperature | 160 | °C | |||
| TRC | Shutdown recovery | 140 | °C | |||
6.6 Typical Characteristics
7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The TPS60150 regulated charge pump provides a regulated output voltage for various input voltages. The TPS60150 device regulates the voltage across the flying capacitor to 2.5 V and controls the voltage drop of Q1 and Q2 while a conversion clock with 50% duty cycle drives the FETs.
Figure 3. Charging Mode
During the first half cycle, Q2 and Q3 transistors are turned on and flying capacitor, CF, will be charged to 2.5 V ideally.
Figure 4. Discharging Mode
During the second half cycle, Q1 and Q4 transistors are turned on. Capacitor CF will then be discharged to output.
Use Equation 1 to calculate the output voltage.
The output voltage is regulated by output feedback and an internally compensated voltage control loop.
7.2 Functional Block Diagram
7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Enable
An enable pin on the regulator is used to place the device into an energy-saving shutdown mode. In this mode, the output is disconnected from the input, and the input quiescent current is reduced to 10 μA maximum.
7.3.2 Undervoltage Lockout
When the input voltage drops, the undervoltage lockout prevents misoperation by switching off the device. The converter starts operation again when the input voltage exceeds the threshold, provided the enable pin is high.
7.3.3 Thermal Shutdown Protection
The regulator has thermal shutdown circuitry that protects it from damage caused by overload conditions. The thermal protection circuitry disables the output when the junction temperature reached approximately 160°C, allowing the device to cool. When the junction temperature cools to approximately 140°C, the output circuitry is automatically reenabled. Continuously running the regulator into thermal shutdown can degrade reliability. The regulator also provides current limit to protect itself and the load.
7.4 Device Functional Modes
7.4.1 Soft Start
An internal soft start limits the inrush current when the device is being enabled.
7.4.2 Normal Mode and Skip Mode Operation
The TPS60150 device has skip mode operation as shown in Figure 5. The TPS60150 device enters skip mode if the output voltage reaches 5 V +0.1 V and the load current is less than 8 mA (typical). In skip mode, the TPS60150 device disables the oscillator and decreases the prebias current of the output stage to reduce the power consumption. Once the output voltage dips less than the threshold voltage of 5 V +0.1 V, the TPS60150 device begins switching to increase output voltage until the output reaches 5 V +0.1 V. When the output voltage dips less than 5 V, the TPS60150 device returns to normal pulse width modulation (PWM) mode; thereby reenabling the oscillator and increasing the prebias current of the output stage to supply output current.
The skip threshold voltage and current depend on input voltage and output current conditions.
Figure 5. Normal Mode and Skip Mode Operation
7.4.3 Short Circuit Protection
The TPS60150 device has internal short circuit protection to protect the IC when the output is shorted to ground. To avoid damage when output is shorted to ground, the short circuit protection circuitry senses output voltage and clamps the maximum output current to 80 mA (typical).
Figure 6. Maximum Output Current Capability and Short Circuit Protection
8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
Most of today’s battery-powered portable electronics allow and/or require data transfer with a PC. One of the fastest data transfer protocols is through USB On-the-Go (OTG). As Figure 7 shows, the USB OTG circuitry in the portable device requires a 5-V power rail and up to 140 mA of current. The TPS60150 device may be used to provide a 5-V power rail in a battery powered system.
8.2 Typical Application
8.2.1 USB On the Go Circuitry
Figure 7. Application Circuit for OTG System
8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
The design guideline provides a component selection to operate the device within the Recommended Operating Conditions.
8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
8.2.1.2.1 Capacitor Selection
For minimum output voltage ripple, the output capacitor (COUT) should be a surface-mount ceramic capacitor. Tantalum capacitors generally have a higher effective series resistance (ESR) and may contribute to higher output voltage ripple. Leaded capacitors also increase ripple due to the higher inductance of the package itself. To achieve the best operation with low input voltage and high load current, the input and flying capacitors (CIN and CF, respectively) should also be surface-mount ceramic types.
Figure 8. Capacitors
Generally, CFLY can be calculated using Equation 2.
Both equation should be same, 
If ILOAD = 140 mA, f = 1.5 MHZ, and ΔVCFLY = 100 mV, the minimum value of the flying capacitor should be 1 μF.
Output capacitance, COUT, is also strongly related to output ripple voltage and loop stability,
The minimum output capacitance for all output levels is 2.2 μF due to control stability. Larger ceramic capacitors or low ESR capacitors can be used to lower the output ripple voltage.
Table 1. Suggested Capacitors (Input, Output, and Flying Capacitor)
| VALUE | DIELECTRIC MATERIAL | PACKAGE SIZE | RATED VOLTAGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.7 μF | X5R or X7R | 0603 | 10 V |
| 2.2 μF | X5R or X7R | 0603 | 10 V |
The efficiency of the charge pump regulator varies with the output voltage, the applied input voltage and the load current.
Use Equation 5 and Equation 6 to calculate the approximate efficiency in normal operating mode is given by:
8.2.1.3 Application Curves
Figure 9. Output Voltage vs Output Current
Figure 11. Efficiency vs Input Voltage
Figure 13. Load Transient Response VIN = 3.6 V, IO = 60 mA to 100 mA
Figure 15. Output Ripple Voltage (Skip Mode) VIN = 3.6 V, IO = 0 mA
Figure 17. Output Ripple (Normal Mode) VIN = 3.6 V, IO = 100 mA
Figure 19. Power On VIN = 3.6 V, IO = 100 mA
Figure 21. Enable / Disable VIN = 3.6 V, IO = 100 mA
Figure 10. Output Voltage vs Input Voltage
Figure 12. Load Transient Response VIN = 2.7 V, IO = 30 mA to 50 mA
Figure 14. Output Ripple Voltage (Skip Mode)VIN = 2.7 V, IO = 0 mA
Figure 16. Output Ripple Voltage (Normal Mode) VIN = 2.7 V, IO = 50 mA
Figure 18. Power On VIN = 2.7 V, IO = 50 mA
Figure 20. Enable / DisableVIN = 2.7 V, IO = 50 mA
Figure 22. Thermal Shutdown Operation VIN = 5.5 V, RLOAD= 20 Ω
8.2.2 System Example
Low-cost portable electronics with small LCD displays require a low-cost solution for providing the WLED backlight. As shown in Figure 23, the TPS60150 device can also be used to drive several WLEDs in parallel, with the help of ballast resistors.
Figure 23. Application Circuit for Driving White LEDs
9 Power Supply Recommendations
The TPS60150 device has no special requirements for its input power supply. The input power supply's output current must be rated according to the supply voltage, output voltage and output current of the TPS60150 device.
10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
Large transient currents flow in the VIN, VOUT, and GND traces. To minimize both input and output ripple, keep the capacitors as close as possible to the regulator using short, direct circuit traces.
10.2 Layout Example
Figure 24. Recommended PCB Layout
11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of Use.
-
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help solve problems with fellow engineers.
-
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and contact information for technical support.
11.2 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.4 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.